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VK2HH > MAC 27.12.95 15:07l 206 Lines 10371 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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Subj: FAQ Apple Mac' 9-3
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ProDos file type and aux type of a file, so they simply get lost. See the
section on filetypes.
FTP: wuarchive.wustl.edu /?
If you need a Unix BinSCII encoder, Bsc will do the trick. The source code is
in "Apple archive format".
FTP: cco.caltech.edu /pub/apple2/source/bsc.aaf ?
FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/unix/bsc.aaf
Subtopic: ShrinkIt and NuFX archives
================================
ShrinkIt is an Apple II program which takes one or more Apple II ProDOS files
or disks and 'archives' them into a single file (called a NuFX archive). It
also stores all the vital ProDos information, such as filetype and auxtype.
Usually these files are denoted by putting a ".SHK" extension on the archive.
ShrinkIt can also shrink an entire disk into a file (extension ".SDK"), but
this is only used when the disk is not ProDos. ShrinkIt is also a menu driven
utility that compresses/extracts, but also formats disks, copies files, etc.
ShrinkIt can also extract programs with Binary II headers, and files in BLU
archives.
FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/archivers/shrinkit.3.3.exe.bsc
GShk is a version of ShrinkIt for GS computers. This is even more of a wonder
utility in that it extracts many different archive types (Unix compress, PC
Arc, Mac StuffIt, Apple Single). Files encoded with GShk are usually smaller
than those encoded with ShrinkIt, but can still be extracted with ShrinkIt
(except files with resource forks).
ShrinkIt+ and UnShrinkIt+ are programs for the Apple II+ that allow an Apple
II+ user to create NuFX archives and extract from them. Autounshrink is a
NuFX extractor that attempts to recover from errors within an NuFX file.
Subtopic: Executioner
================================
Executioner was the standard program previous to BinSCII for converting Apple
II files into text to be mailed/posted. It is no longer considered the
standard for most transferals of Apple II binary files. Presently,
Executioner is typically only used to distribute BinSCII. Some older files in
the various archives may also be encoded with this program. Many of them will
not work under ProDos.
To translate an Executioner text file to an Apple II file required that you
delete the mail headers/trailers, translated the newlines into carriage
returns, download the file to your Apple II and from Applesoft Basic, type
the command 'EXEC <filename>' where <filename> is the name of the file you
downloaded.
Subtopic: Apple Archive Format (aaf)
================================
Apple Archive Format was invented as a standard way to post source code to
comp.sources.apple2. The C and Basic source code to aaf unpackers are
available on the various FTP sites, in aaf format. Fortunately, files in aaf
format can be turned back into source code with a simple text editor. Just
break the file up into component files and remove the first character of each
line.
FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/unix/*.aaf
Subtopic: Net standard formats
================================
There are several formats that are used widely on the Internet. The most
common in FTP sites are tar (.tar) and compress (.Z). To undo a Tape ARchive,
type 'tar -xvf filename.tar'. To undo a compress, type 'uncompress
filename.Z'. Since tar does not make the file smaller, and compress can only
compress 1 file, many times you will find files that are 'tarred an
feathered'. They have a '.tar.Z' extension. Just run uncompress then un-tar
the result.
To distribute binaries on the net, most other groups use uuencode (c.b.a2
uses BinSCII). To return them to normal, type 'uudecode filename'. Note that
uuencoded things were not meant to be split up and posted, so when getting
multiple parts, you will have to paste them together and run them through
uudecode. (BinSCII is a lot smarter, that's why we use it on c.b.a2.) BinSCII
is better because 1) It stores the ProDos filetype, etc. 2) It splits the
file into 12K chunks, 3) It does a CRC checksum on each chunk.
Most of these 'Unix' standard formats are available on the Apple. For
example, ShrinkIt GS will uncompress files, there is a uudecode for the //e,
and Tar is available as a GS shell executable.
FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/dearc.*
Subtopic: A quick note about ProDos filetypes
================================
ProDos keeps some information about a file's type. Files can be text (TXT),
binary (BIN), executable (SYS), fonts (FON), etc. Most other file systems do
not have a place to store this information, so it may get 'lost' when you
upload the file. Similarly, when you download a file, you may not know the
file type. Most comm programs will use some default. For NuFX archives, this
is not a big deal, since you can still unpack an archive if the filetype is
wrong (and the archive stores the filetype of the files inside the archive).
For other files, you may need to change the file's type. One utility I
recommend is File Attribute Zapper II.
FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/fazz.2.3.bsq
Program Format Author
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nulib v3.21 C Andy McFadden (fadden@uts.amdahl.com)
SciiBin v3.10 C Marcel Mol, Dave Whitnet, Bruce Kahn
Bsc v1.2 C Neil Parker
Executioner A Glen Bredon
BinSCII v1.0.3 A David Whitney (davewh@microsoft.com)
ShrinkIt v3.3 A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com)
(Un)ShrinkIt+ A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com)
AutoUnShrink A Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com)
GShk v1.1 G Andy Nicholas (shrinkit@apple.com)
GSCII+ 2.3.1 G Darek Taubert (dat33228@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu)
Format:
C - Distributed as source code written in C.
A - Executable, runs on most Apple //s.
G - Executable, runs on GS only.
|Type| NuFX | Bin | uuen-| com- |.ZOO | Bin | LZH/| Stuff| ARC | Other|
Program | | | SCII | code | press | | Hex | LHA | -It | | |
--------|-|------|------|------|-------|-----|-----|-----|------|-----|------|
Binscii |e| | X | | | | | | | | |
Shrinkit|e| X | | | | | | | | | |
DeArc |e| | | | | | | | | D | |
Angel[1]|e| | | | X | X | | X | | X | .ZIP |
GShk |g| X | | | D | D | | | D | D | |
GSCII+ |g| | X | X | | | D | | | | .AAF |
sscii |x| | X | X | | | X | | | | |
PMPUnzip|x| | | | | | | | | | .ZIP |
LHext |x| | | | | | | D? | | | |
BSC |c| | E | | | | | | | | |
Nulib |c| X | | | | | | | | | |
SciiBin |c| | D | | | | | | | | |
(Key: E = Encode only, D = Decode only, X = Encode and Decode)
(Type: e = Apple //e, g = GS Only, x = GS EXE file, c = C Source code)
[1] Angel is pretty Buggy, but it's worth a try.
------------------------------
Date: 6/7/93
From: dmag@umich.edu
Subject: What do the file extensions mean?
Many times, people put filename extensions (extra characters at the end of a
filename) to denote what type of file it is. Please note that these are just
accepted standards. If a file does not indicate it's type, see the section on
file formats. The following is a table of some common filename extensions.
See the section on archivers for programs that will deal with these files.
Extension What is it? (What program do I use?)
--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
.aaf [TEXT] Apple Archive Format for source code (aaf.unpacker)
.ACU NuFX (Shrinkit)
.ARC ARC Archive (IBM ARC, GS Shrinkit, //e Angel or DeArc2E)
.CPT Compactor Pro archive (Compactor Pro on a Mac only)
.BSC BinScii file. [TEXT] (BinScii)
.BSQ BinScii'ed NuFX file. [TEXT] (BinScii, Shrinkit on the result)
.BXY NuFX archive with a Binary II header. (Shrinkit)
.BNY BLU archive. (Shrinkit)
.BQY NuFX with BLU header. (Shrinkit)
.BNX NuFX with BLU header. (Shrinkit)
.exe Executioner file [TEXT]. May only work in DOS 3.3.
.GIF Graphics Interchange Format: Compressed picture.
(IIGIF for //e, many programs for all other computers)
.HQX Mac BinHex file. [TEXT] (BinHex on Mac or GSCII+)
.JPG Newer graphics format. (only Unix/IBM/etc viewers)
.JPEG Newer graphics format. (only Unix/IBM/etc viewers)
.LZH LZH Archive (IBM/Amiga LZH program, //e Angel)
.LHA LHA Archive (IBM/Amiga LZH program, //e Angel)
.QQ BLU archive. (Shrinkit)
.SEA Self-extracting archive (Might be Mac, Might be Shrinkit archive)
.SIT Mac StuffIt archive. (Stuffit on Mac or GS ShrinkIt)
GS Shrinkit will not decode StuffIt Deluxe files.
.SHK NuFX archive. (Shrinkit)
.SDK NuFX with a shrunk disk image. (Shrinkit)
.tar Unix Tape Archive (Unix tar [with -xvf option, GS EXE tar])
.txt [TEXT] An ASCII text file: usually english text.
.TIFF Graphics format (GS SHR Convert)
.uu Unix uuencode file [TEXT] (//e uudecode, Unix uudecode)
.ZOO IBM Zoo Archive (GS Shrinkit or IBM ZOO program, //e Angel)
.ZIP IBM Zip Archive (GS EXE Unzip, IBM PKUNZIP, Unix unzip, //e Angel)
.Z Compressed file (GS Shrinkit, Unix uncompress, //e Angel)
All of these types, except the ones marked [TEXT] are BINARY files. Binary
files cannot be sent over e-mail, posted to the newsgroups or FTP'd in text
mode. You must FTP them in binary mode (see the section on FTP). You can also
download them using kermit, X-,Y- or Z-Modem.
Generally, anything labeled as 'Archive' above will contain multiple files,
and even subdirectories. Most archives are also in compressed format.
Sometimes you will find multiple filename extensions. Simply take the
filename extensions apart one at a time and you should be able to reconstruct
the original file. (i.e. somefile.bsq.tar.Z would mean: uncompress, untar,
unbinscii, then unShrink to get the original file!)
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