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VK2HH > MAC 27.12.95 14:01l 206 Lines 9029 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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Read: DL7ALE GUEST DK3EL
Subj: FAQ Apple Mac' 9-4
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From: VK2HH@VK2HH.#SYD.NSW.AUS.OC
To : MAC@WW
------------------------------
Date: 1/1/93
From: dmag@umich.edu
Subject: How do I tell what kind of file this is?
Here is a simple guide to help you identify a file. You should always go by
filename extension first, but not everybody uses those. In Unix, you can use
the 'head' command to look at the first couple of lines of a file. If it
turns out to be a binary file, you may be in for a surprise. You may want to
use the Unix 'file' command to find out if it is a text file or not first.
Once you have identified the file, see the section on filename extensions for
how to deal with it.
If there are lines in the file that look like this (there can be other text
before it--search for 'FiLeStArT'):
FiLeStArTfIlEsTaRt
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789()
GBINSCII AQhmAAAAA8)4MIAI02DA9ARMQEDtAQhmAIVZ
gYITA6u7xADA0MjM3YTNBlDOENkQwYURzITM2UDN5gzNDJUQGVERyEDM1QzM4cjN
CFUOFR0QxAjR0MjM3YTNBlDOENkQwAQRzITM2UDN5gzNDJUQGVERyEDM1QzM4cjN
...
then you've got something encoded by BinSCII. You must decode _all_ the
parts using BinSCII before attempting to extract using ShrinkIt.
On the other hand, if you have a binary file which resembles:
NuFilei][![/#NuFX_<:c[[[ H`F-fGSCII~[
cRJ0)fNN^P)3'A2p6SF6X#GPd<9#'LC^08N7n\NB7Dd!eMN&eYX0Am=fXp
d@PAsp7rh`I'NS0ALAfi2)2ysGEQ$k9CP%L9
....
then you have a NuFX file (note the key words NuFile and NuFX). You
should be able to extract the files it contains using ShrinkIt.
On the third hand, if you have a text file which resembles:
begin 666 nonsense.bny
M4W5N3U,@4F5L96%S92 T+C$@*%-$4U0V,"D@(S@Z(%1U92!/8W0@.2 Q,CHS
M...3HT.2!%1%0@,3DY, HT
then you have a uuencoded file.
On another hand, if you have a text file which begins with
(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)
:$&4)48C28N0&,P0*9!"6593K8dP8)3%!!!#L@!!!!!!Qie0*9#%!!3!!SPKb6'&
e!3!!!!!!!!!#!!P8D'8J4QpbBf9P)IN33)(4$N#"d4K!JG%S!!!!!`!'VfJ!"VP
then you have a BinHex file. The GSCII+ NDA by Derek Taubert decodes
BinHex files on an Apple IIGS. You can also use a variety of macintosh
programs to do the decoding. There is also a Unix implementation of BinHex
called mcvert.
On one more hand, if you have a text file which resembles:
CALL-151
E00:38 A5 FF D0 32 D8 20 8E FD AD 30 BF 8D 6A 0E 20 00 BF C7 6D 0E 0D 80 02
E18:D0 1D 20 00 BF C5 69 0E B0 15 AD 81 02 29 0F AA E8 8E 80 02 A9 2F 8D 81
and more lines like that, followed by a bunch of lines that look like:
A90885A420732090242039FB2058FCA200BD9220F00620EDFDE8D0F5200CFDA9
008DF2038DF3038DF4036CFCFFE6A4A5A4C96F90CFA9008DFCBFA9018DFDBFA0
A90885A420732090242039FB2058FCA200BD9220F00620EDFDE8D0F5200CFDA9
then you have an Executioner file.
======================================================================
This FAQ is available on-line at apple2.archive.umich.edu (see FTP)
Permission granted to reproduce in non-profit User Group newsletters.
Any additions/corrections/suggestions would be appreciated. Also,
if this FAQ has helped you, e-mail me and let me know!
Dan DeMaggio (dmag@umich.edu)
--
-=- Dan DeMaggio -=- dmag@umich.edu -=-
"That is really incredible. That is truly incredible. That is so
incredibly incredible that I think I'd like to steal it." -Zaphod
--
-=- Dan DeMaggio -=- dmag@umich.edu -=-
"That is really incredible. That is truly incredible. That is so
incredibly incredible that I think I'd like to steal it." -Zaphod
From: dmag@umich.edu
Subject: What is an Apple II?
Excuse me while I wax a little philosophical, but the Apple II is one of the
computers that started the computer revolution because it is so flexible and
open--a pure hacker's machine, but also one that there is a lot of software
to allow novices to use it too. The following are the various models of the
Apple ][:
Apple ][
Apple ][+
Clones, like the Multitech MPF-II/III, Franklin Ace
Apple /// (w/emulation software)
Software emulators for IBM, Mac and UNIX
TrackStar 128 Hardware Emulator for IBM
Apple ][e (Unenhanced)
E Laser 128 (EX and EX/2)
E Apple ][e hardware Emulation card for Macintosh
E Apple ][e (Enhanced)
E Apple //c
E Apple //c+
E Apple IIGS (ROM 00, 01, 03)
(E) = Emulates an Enhanced //e
Apple ][+: Surprisingly, the ][+ can run some of today's software. For
instance, Davex and FredWriter. You can even run AppleWorks if you have more
than 128K and a program called PlusWorks. Recommended configuration: 16K
language card (in slot 0 with a ribbon cable running to the RAM), an
80-column video card (not the same as a //e 80-column card), shift key
modification (a wire running from shift key to game port). You can also add
accelerators like the Rocket/Zip.
Apple //e: The //e comes in two flavors: Enhanced and Unenhanced. The
Enhancement kit allows an upgrade path by replacing 4 chips. Most current
software requires an Enhanced //e, and sometimes 128K too. The current
operating system is ProDos. The Apple //e is still useful for three major
reasons: 1) It runs AppleWorks, a simple to use, yet sophisticated integrated
program. 2) There are many Apples in schools, so there is a ton of
educational software for it. 3) It is was and will always be a _Personal_
computer. You can learn as little or as much as you want, and nothing stops
you from learning about every nook and cranny in it. Ask any big name
programmer in MS/DOS or Mac where they learned to program. Most of them
taught themselves on a good ol' Apple //. Good programs for an Apple //e:
AppleWorks 3.0 (from Claris) with TimeOut (Beagle Brothers), Copy ][+
(Central Point), ProTerm (InSync), PrintShop (Broderbund). Recommended
configuration: 80 extended column card, 512K to 1MB RAM, Enhanced, Hard Drive
is nice. You can also speed it up with an accelerator (like the Rocket Chip
or the Zip Chip or TransWarp).
//c and //c+: The //c and //c+ are 'luggable' versions of an Enhanced //e,
with many built-in 'cards'. Included are 2 serial ports, a mouse port, a 3.5"
disk port and 128K of RAM. The //C+ has a built-in accelerator that runs at 4
MHz. Even though they don't have slots, you can still add extra memory
(there's room under the keyboard) and a hard drive (through the disk port--a
bit slow by ordinary standards, but usable). Some software that uses the
mouse may get confused on the //C+. The //C and //C+ cannot connect to
AppleTalk. Recommended configuration: 1 MB RAM, 3.5" drive, maybe a Hard
drive. Runs everything that an Enhanced //e runs.
The Laser 128EX is a cross between the //c and an Enhanced //e. It is as
luggable as a //c and has built-in 'cards', and an accelerator. It also has a
slot to expand. If you want to add a card, you may have to disable the
internal UDC (for 3.5" drives) or the internal 1MB memory expansion. Runs
almost everything that the //c and //e runs.
The Apple IIGS represents a giant leap in the Apple // line. It can still run
//e software, but has a better processor (16-bit), a new super-hires graphics
mode, a toolbox in ROM (just like the Mac) and a 32 oscillator Ensoniq sound
chip. It can not only run ProDos, but it can also run GS/OS, a sophisticated
operating system very much like the Macintosh's OS. The original GS ROM 00 (I
think they all have the Woz signature) must have several chips upgraded to
boot/run current software. The ROM 01 had 256K on the motherboard, while the
ROM 03 has 1 MB. Although there were a few ROM changes, the current system
software will work patch the toolbox ROMs to look identical. Recommended
configuration: 1.25 MB lets you boot up and launch programs. With 2 MB, you
will have room for Desk Accessories. Go for 4 MB if you want a RAM disk
(useful if you don't have a hard drive) or do a lot of Graphics work. Adding
a hard drive is highly recommended. You can also speed it up with a TransWarp
GS or Zip GS.
The Apple ][e emulation card is a card that fits in certian Macs that lets
one run Apple //e software. It is actually more like a //c because the card
is not expandable like a //e. There is a place on the back of the card to
plug in a UniDisk 5.25" and a joystick.
------------------------------
Date: 1/1/93
From: dmag@umich.edu
Subject: Some Common Questions (with answers!)
Q: What is 8 bit and 16 bit?
A: That indicates how big the chunks of data are that the CPU can manipulate.
The Apple IIGS is a 16-bit machiene and all previous Apple ]['s are 8-bit.
This is only one of the reasons you cannot run GS software on a //e.
Q: How do I get out of Basic (that little "]" prompt and flashing cursor?
A: Type the word "BYE" and press return. Now get out the Apple manual 'A Touch
of BASIC' and read it.
Q: Can the Apple II connect to SCSI devices?
A: Yes. See the section on SCSI in this FAQ.
Q: How can I tranfer stuff to/from and IBM/Mac?
A: Here's a summary: [Note that you can always do transfers by modem or Null
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