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G8MNY > TECH 16.07.26 11:10l 145 Lines 6866 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 65055_GB7CIP
Read: DJ6UX OE5RCO GUEST
Subj: Lafayete 57 Range Multimeter
Path: DB0FHN<DB0FFL<OE2XZR<OE6XPE<DB0RKB<DK0WUE<IW2OHX<GB7OSW<GB7BED<N2MH4<
N3HYM<K5DAT<GB7CIP
Sent: 260716/0846Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO #:65055 [Caterham Surrey GBR]
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (Corrections Jan 16)
(8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850, Terminal Font)
Model 99-5076
旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납 DC Volts 0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1000 @ 25K/V
납 납 0.125 1.25 5 25 125 500 @ 50K/V
납旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴엿�
납납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납납 DC Amps 50uA 5mA 50mA 500mA 10A @ Normal
납납 납납 25uA 2,5mA 25mA 240mA 5A @ 2x
냔뎨 . 냔뎨
잎납 '. 납잎 AC Volts 3 10 50 250 1000 @ 2.5K/V
悶납 '. . 납悶 1.5 5 25 125 500 @ 5K/V
납납 '. :'\': 납납
냔뎨 '. '�.�' 냔뎨 10x dB scales & DC isolated AC.
납냅컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸납�
잎냐컴컴컴컴� 旼컴컴컴컴냅� Ohms 첛SD 13R 65R 650R 6K5 65K
� o- +o � (|) � o o �
� � � � Accurancy DC 2%, AC 3%
� [� ]rev �_________� �[ �] �
읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
MULTI METER PRINCIPLES
DC VOLTS 1000 100 10 1 Volts
To get a meter of just one �10M컫�1M컫100K쩡컴11K1컴컴>+
sensitivity to do many o o o o
ranges voltage multiplier /�\
resistors are used. Here +�
the voltage drop across /~~~\
the meter is ignored, but 쿘eter�
it will affect the lowest 90uA\___/
1V scale. 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�>-
Series resistors are used
to protect the switch more Sensitivity is 11K1/V
from high voltages.
DC CURRENT 100uA 1mA 10mA 100mA
For current ranges shunts +旼컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴�>+
are put across the meter. /~~~\ \�/
Here the meter resistance 쿘eter� o o o o
is 100R so it has 10mV drop 100uA\___/ � � �
@ 100uA. The 1mA shunt here 10mV � 11R 1R 0R1
is corrected for the 100R 읕컴컴컴컴좔컴컨컴컴좔�>-
meter load.
AC VOLTS
For AC a rectifier diode is
used, and normally this alters 1000 100 10 Volts
the sensitivity, so a different �4M5쩡450K쩡컴�45K컴컴>~
multiplier arm from the DC is used. o o o
In this circuit only half the /�\
current goes through the meter +旼컴�<쳐캑
and the 1.1 AC sine wave form /~~~\ D1 _�_D2
factor means that 2.2x meter 쿘eter� /_\
current must flow. Only a 100uA\___/ �100uA
100mV is lost in the germanium 읕컴컴컴컨컴컴컴컴컴컴�>~
diode D1, so the low voltage
range can take this into account
on the scale. D2 can be any type Sensitivity is 4K5/V.
and protects the low voltage D1.
OHMS
Here a voltage source is put
in series with the meter and a
known resistance that set the
half scale resistance and includes (actually -ve!)
the meter load resistance. 旼횮al Zero R컴쩡컴컴컴>+
The higher the battery +� \�/
voltage the higher resistance /~~~\ o o o o
that can be measured, but 쿘eter� �10�100�1K�10K�
becomes a danger for 100uA\___/ �
sensitive electronics. � � �+
The Cal zero R sets the meter 읕컴컴좔컴콕쳐컴컴컴컴�>-
sensitive to give full scale � (actually +ve!)
ZERO reading on shorting the
probes depending the battery state.
Note that the battery internal resistance is added to the unknown resistance,
and this affects the low range scale calibration! Also the probe polarity is
reversed to that indicated and it is different than for digital meters!
ACTUAL MULTIMETER CIRCUIT
旼===========================================================================
� I
넬========================= =============== ================ =========== =�
\/ 읕20K컴80K커 � � �
/\ /�\ � � 쿎om + 10A O/P�
냅컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � � o o o o �
� ____ 旼� � 旼컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴�)컴컴컴컨컴쩡�)컴컴�)컴� 퀅1� � �
� /15uA\ � ICal � � 13 � Low � 13K 旼)컴)컴졍�)컴� �
� 渼 Meter척 쳐컴컴컴)�)커 � 46K �4K7쨈<척 � � � � � �
� � \____/ �12K5 � � � � � oNor� 3K3 � � � �0R025� �
� � � � o o � � 넬> � � � � � � �
� 쳐캑>쳐컴� 픬Nor �> X <� � 납 o� � 5kHi� � � � �
� 쳐�<쳐컴캑 <컴캑 o o � 납 �4K7졍>쳅컴� � � 0R475 �
� 쳐훆Cal컴� �oVA/2쿝ev Nor � 납 Low � � � �
� 읕컴컴컴컴컨�6K25� �)컴컴컴컴컴컴�))컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴�)� �
� 납 납 � 旼컴컴컴켸� �
읕�56K25�197K5�1M�5M�18M75엿�47�650�6K54왯눴�1M87헜5헜1�17K5� �4R53�45R3�24K9�
o o o o o o쿽 o o o쿽쿽 o o o o� o o o o
� I � � �
=========================�=============� �================쳐================
I �
===============�____넵넵________�
+넹넹
0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1k R/5 R 10 100 1k 1k 250 50 10 3 500 50 5 50u
\________DC_VOLTS_________/ \_____OHMS____/ \___AC_VOLTS___/ \____DC_mA____/
& dB Scales
The configuration switching between modes and all the ranges is all done on
just 1 large rotary switch with 3 bridging contacts (I) and 5 wipers of 2
circuits.
Only 4 probe sockets are used, 2 extra for the high current (10A) & the DC
isolated AC measurement.
Extra switches provide a meter reverse feature and a double sensitivity that
doubles the number of meter ranges. (has no meaning on ohms!)
This meter's movement is a extremely sensitive @ 15uA for FSD, but not very
accurate, so it is calibrated with an ICal & VCal presets at manufacture.
The AC ranges are calibrated with select on test resistors 2x "4K7 Low" & the
"5K Hi" that accurately allows for the diode forward resistance loss & leakage.
Most of the resistors are special values made for the meter, and of course they
are very accurate and stable 0.5% types.
See my tech buls on "Meter Movement Types", "Maplin Mains Meter 2000MU-UK",
"Edgcume Peebles Megger & Low R", "Edgcume Peebles Earth Loop Z", "Car Dwell
Angle & RPM Meter", & "Kelvin Varley Voltage Divider".
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 De John, G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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