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G8MNY > TECH 16.01.11 10:31l 109 Lines 5042 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 4906_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST OE7FMI
Subj: AF Waveform Generator (RS)
Path: DB0FHN<DB0FOR<DB0SIF<HB9EAS<OK0NHD<OK0PHL<OK0PCC<OM0PBC<OK0PPL<OK0NAG<
OK0POW<OK0PTU<IW0QNL<IZ3LSV<IW8PGT<ON0AR<UA6ADV<GB7CIP
Sent: 110116/0023Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU #:4906 [Caterham] $:4906_GB7CIP
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (Updated Oct 08)
(8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850, Terminal Font)
These devices are usually based around the ICL 8038CC or ICL 8038BC waveform
generator ICs. If frequency ratio of 1000:1 for 20Hz to 20kHz on 1 scale are
used (max possible!), there can be problems with set square 1:1 ratio at the LF
end. I found a simple bodge was very effective at solving this.
1N4002
+veÄÄÂÄÄ´>ÃÄÄÂÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄ100kÄÂÄ -ve
Set³ ³ ³ ³ ³ /³\ ³ Sine
20HzÀÄ1kPotÄÙ ³ ³u1 ÃÄ100kÄ)ÄÄÙ Clippers
/³\ ³ === ³+ /³\ ³
ÚÄÄÂÄÄÁÂÄÄÄ¿ ³ ³ ÚÄÁÄÄÄÁÄÄÁÄÄÄÄ¿ Sine
³ ³ Freq 2k7 ³ ³ ³ 6 1 12 2ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄo<ÄÄÄÄ¿ +ve
³ 2k7 Pot<ÄÁÄÄ)ÄÄÂÁÄ´7 Tri3ÃÄÄÄ15kÄÄo ³ ³
Freq ³ 25k ³ ³ ³ 9ÃÄÄÂ150kÂo Level 3³\³7 TL081
Pot<ÁÄÄÄÙ ³ 100k³ 4 5 10 11 ³Sq³ ³ 25k<ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´+ \
25k ³ *³ ÀÄÂÄÄÂÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÙ ³ ³ Log ³ 6>ÄÂÄ220Äo)
³ ³ ÀÄÄÄÄ´ ³ ===C ³- 15k ³ ÃÄÄ15kÄÂÄ´-1/ ³ Output
1k ³ 4k7 ³ ³4n7³ ³ Ão<ÄÄÄÄ´ ³2³/³4 ³
Preset ³ Set ³ 4k7 ³ ³ +ve Ào _³_ ³ -ve ³
³set 20kHz ÀÄÄÄÄÄ>1k ³ ³ ³ o ÃÄ39kÄÄÄÄ´
_³_ 1:1 pot ³ ³ ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄ´ÃÄÙ
ÀÄÄÙ ³ ³ PSU = +/-15V regulated. 3p3
-veÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÙ
I put in 100k (* select on test for your circuit) from the frequency pot slider
to pin 4 "set square". This keeps the square wave ratio very close to 1:1 over
the 1000:1 frequency range, which is needed to keep the sine wave even harmonic
distortion low. This is a modifed R.S. PCB.
INSIDE THE IC
The ramp currents into the cap on pin 10 are controlled by the voltage on pin 7
with up & down currents balanced by the set square current inputs on pin 4 & 5.
The ramp voltage on capacitor is buffered to become the triangle output. The
charge up down level threshold toggle becomes the square wave output. The
triangle is also soft clipped with the 2 clippers, thresholds set on pin 1 & 12
to produce the sine wave.
FREQUENCY SCALE
Another bodge is to change the linear frequency scale (that a decade scaled
system would give) to a log scale over the 3 decades. This is done by using a
ganged 25k linear pot, instead of the single 10k lin, a good near square law
scale results & with 2k7 loads on each, makes a pseudo log scale resulting 700
Hz in the middle & a usable LF end. This better than using a log pot as the are
not very log actually!
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ 500 1k ³
³ 300 /~~\ 5k _ _ ³
³ ! 100 (Freq) 10k (_) (_) (ú) ³
³on 20 \__/ 20k Si Tr Sq Level Out ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
N.B. the 20Hz LF frequency setting preset is very critical & temperature
sensitive as the offset of few 100mV above the +ve rail used by the IC with the
+ve rail diode is used.
PIMPLES
Another problem I fixed was the pulse on top of the Sine & Triangle waveforms
due to the large square wave edge crosstalk. By using earthing contact on spare
mode switch to short out this signal (after 150k) the problem goes away. In
this circuit all the waveforms are about the same peak level with the level pot
at max.
_n_ Crosstalk n
/ \ Pimples / \
³ ³ ³ / \ /
³ ³ \ /
\_ _/ \ /
u u
SLEW RATES
Here the buffer OpAmp is a fast slew rate one, not the original 741. The 3.3pF
on the NFB arm is another select on test, for perfect non ringing 20kHz square
wave at 7V RMS (20V P-P).
741 Internal Untamed Ringing 400kHz Bandwidth
Compensation & Fast OpAmp Limited OpAmp
Low Slew Rate Good Slew Rate Good Slew Rate
___ !Ü____ _____
/ \ 20kHz ³ß~ ³ 20kHz ³ ³ 20kHz
/ \ / ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
\___/ ³Ü____³ ³_____³
Square Wave! !ß~
>400kHz ringing
SINE DISTORTION
These Waveform ICs are not the lowest of distortion, but figures as low as 0.5%
(-46dB) can be achieved at 1kHz @ 7V RMS sometimes with the more stable BC IC,
& the whole 20Hz - 20kHz only about 2% (-34dB). But some care is needed to
achieve this with the 2 sine clipper preset pots & the frequency sensitive 1:1
set square pot.
The main advantage of these oscillators is their level flatness, typically
ñ0.01dB (1%) & no bounce the like Wien Bridge types. Also as they are DC
controlled & can be used for sweeping tests locked to a scope/chart recorder
etc.
Also see my bul on "Simple 1kHz AF test osc" for details on waveform structure.
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 de John G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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