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CX2SA > SAREX 17.01.07 01:26l 99 Lines 4541 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 39477-CX2SA
Read: GUEST OE7FMI
Subj: Russian Progress Spacecraft
Path: DB0FHN<DB0RGB<DB0MRW<DK0WUE<ON0BEL<F4BWT<F6KBI<F5KBJ<F4DUR<CX2SA
Sent: 070116/2319Z @:CX2SA.LAV.URY.SA #:39477 [Minas] FBB7.00e $:39477-CX2SA
From: CX2SA@CX2SA.LAV.URY.SA
To : SAREX@WW
SUBMITTED BY ARTHUR N1ORC - AMSAT A/C #31468
SPACE STATION ASSEMBLY
Russian Progress Spacecraft
Progress on launchpad The Progress resupply vehicle is an automated,
unpiloted version of the Soyuz spacecraft that is used to bring supplies
and fuel to the International Space Station. The Progress also has the
ability to raise the Station's altitude and control the orientation of
the Station using the vehicle's thrusters.
Image to right: A Progress spacecraft sits atop a Soyuz rocket at
Baikonur Cosmodrome. Credit: NASA
**
Both the Progress M and M1 versions have a pressurized Cargo Module to
carry supplies, a Refueling Module that holds fuel tanks containing
propellant and pressurized gases, and an Instrumentation/Propulsion
Module where the Progress systems equipment and thrusters are located.
**TO VIEW PICTURES GO TO:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/progress.html
The Progress spacecraft is launched to the Space Station from the
Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard a Soyuz rocket. It normally
docks to the end of the Station's Zvezda Service Module, but it can also
dock to the bottom of the Pirs Docking Compartment.
*Cargo Module*
The Progress Cargo Module -- which is similar in construction to the
Soyuz Orbital Module -- can carry up to 1,700 kilograms (3,748 pounds)
of supplies to the Space Station in a pressurized volume of about 6
cubic meters (212 cubic feet). Once the Progress docks with the Space
Station, the crew enters the Cargo Module through the docking hatch.
After the cargo is removed and before the Progress undocks, the crew
refills it with trash, unneeded equipment and wastewater, which will
burn up with the spacecraft when it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere.
The Cargo Module can hold 1,000 to 1,700 kilograms (2,205 to 3,748
pounds) of trash.
Progress spacecraft approaches the Station Image to left: A Progress
spacecraft approaches the Space Station prior to docking. Credit: NASA
*Refueling Module*
In place of the Soyuz Descent Module, the Progress has a Refueling
Module. The Progress M1 Refueling Module has eight propellant tanks that
can hold up to 1,740 kilograms (3,836 pounds) of fuel, depending on how
much weight is carried in the Cargo Module. Four of the tanks contain
fuel, while the other four contain the fuel's oxidizer. The Progress M
has four tanks -- two for fuel and two for oxidizer -- and two water
tanks. The M1 has no water tanks.
The contents of the fuel and oxidizer tanks can be transferred to the
Space Station's own propulsion system through fluid connectors in the
docking ring. This propellant can also be used by the Progress'
thrusters to boost the Station altitude or to change its orientation, or
attitude, in space.
*Instrumentation/Propulsion Module*
This module contains the electronic equipment, or avionics, for the
Progress' systems and sensors. It is similar in design to the Soyuz
Instrumentation/Propulsion Module. Any fuel in this module that is not
used to get the Progress to the Station or for undocking and deorbit can
be used to boost the altitude of the Space Station. Surplus fuel amounts
can vary from 185 to 250 kilograms (408 to 551 pounds).
*Rendezvous, Docking and Undocking*
The Progress normally takes two days to reach the Space Station. The
rendezvous and docking are both automated, although once the spacecraft
is within 150 meters (492 feet) of the Station, the Russian Mission
Control Center just outside Moscow and the Station crew monitor the
approach and docking.
The Progress uses an automated, radar-based system called Kurs to dock
to the Station. The active portion of the Kurs is on the Progress and
the passive equipment is on the Station. The Station crew can also dock
the Progress using the TORU system, a backup remote control docking
system in the Station's Zvezda Service Module.
Once the Progress is filled with trash, usually a day before the launch
of the next Progress vehicle, the Station crew closes the hatches and
initiates the undocking process. Once the Progress has undocked, the
vehicle's thrusters are fired to maneuver it into an orbit that will
send it into the Earth's atmosphere, where it will burn up on re-entry
over the Pacific Ocean.
----
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